Achdut ha-Am (Hebrew: Unity of the Nation), Yishuv Organization, Palestine, established 1938

Action, Vienna, Austria

Paul Haller (Revisionist)

Hermann Flesch (Revisionist)

Action Committee (Comité d’Action), France

Action and Defense Committee of Jewish Youth Comité d’Action et de Défense de la Jeunesse Juive), France 

Action Group Against Deportation, see Service Andre

Advisory Council on European Jewish Affairs of the World Jewish Congress, New York, NY, established 1942

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, chairman

Nahum Goldman, head, Dept. Europe

Leon Kubowitzki, Jewish Affairs

Af-Al-Pi (“Despite Everything”), Perl Transporte; founded by members of Irgun, Haganah & Zionist Revisionists

Dr. Willi Perl, founder and director

Vienna, Austria – Heinrich Haller, Tury Deutsch, Paul Haller, Fritz Herrenfeld, Paul Elbogen (member, Betar), Mrs. Lola Bernstein, Robert Mandler*, Eliyahu Gleser, Emil Faltyn, Mrs. Liesel “Sonnenkind”-Kant (officer)

Baltic countries – Abraham Stavsky (Poland), Mr. Gedalja “Bata,” Sime Spitzer*, Mrs. Jacobson

Czechoslovakia – Frantisek Gross, Karel Gross, Robert Mandler*

Hungary – Dr. Imre Kalman

Romania – Dr. Enzer, Mila Epstein (Bucharest), Dr. Geiger, Dr. Meissner, Rafaeli, Schwartzmann

Turkey – Josef Klarman (Istanbul), Lipa Chaimovic

Yugoslavia – The Dragoner family

Moshe Krivoshein-Gallili, Bertsche Kornmehl, Paul Lustig, Otto Seidmann, Israel Waksberg, Eric Wolf, Dr. Felix Herzig, Moritz Pappenheim, Karl Kotek Goldstein, Walter Perl, Julius Steinfeld, Dr. Maks, Martha Hausner, Hertha Mandler

Agriculture et Artisanat, Paris, 1933-1935

Agricultural Committee, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, England, 1939-1940, see American Joint Distribution Committee

Agricultural Training Schools (Hakhsharot), Youth Movements

Bohemia-Moravia

Mi-Ha Agricultural Training School, Prague

Youth Aliya Agricultural Training School, Prague

Denmark

Agricultural Training School

Netherlands

Loodsdrect Agricultural Training Camp

Gouda Agricultural Training Camp

France

Germany

Romania

Slovakia

Agriculture et Artisant, Paris, France, 1933-1935

Agro-Joint, see American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee

Agudas Israel of America, Inc., New York, NY, established 1921, members: 29,300, publication: Jewish Voice; umbrella organization for Agudath Israel Youth Council of America

Eliezer Silver, president

S. Eichenstein, executive director (1943)

Officers:

Solomon Friedman, vice president

Solomon Hyman

Shlomo Travis

Benjamin W. Hendles, executive director (1941)

O. Baumel, charman, executive board

Agudath Israel Youth Council of America, established 1922, New York, NY; Immigration and Refugee Division established 1940; Agudath Israel of Upper Manhattan, New York, established 1939 by Jewish refugees from Germany; operated under umbrella organization, Agudath Israel of America

Agudat (Agudas) Israel World Organization (Hebrew Union of Israel), Poland, later Geneva, established 1912 (subsidiary group Poale Agudas Israel, established 1922), worked with Hilfsverein für Jüdische Flüchtling (HIJEFS; Relief Organization for Jewish Refugees Abroad) and Rescue Committee of the Orthodox Rabbi in the United States (Va’ad Ha Hatsalah)

Jacob Rosenheim, co-founder, president, 1929-1965 - USA

Chaim Yisroel Eiss, leader

Moritz Pappenheim

Julius Steinfeld

Nathan Schwalb

Henny Bornstein

Mr. Aronson

Matthew Muller (papers, USHMM Archives)

Dr. Isaac Lewin – USA

Meir Shenkolewski – USA

Agudath Israel Youth Council of America, New York, NY, USA, established 1922

Aid Commission for Jewish Refugees, see DELASEM

Aid Committee for Jewish War Victims (Aid aux Israélites victims de la Guerre), Belgium

Aid Committee of the Grand Rabbinet Istanbul, Turkey

Aid to Mothers, France

Al Domi (No Silence)

Rabbi Binyamin, Turkey, Palestine

Algemeiner Yidisher Arbeiterbund in Lita, Poilen un Rusland (General Jewish Workers’ Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia)

Aliyah B (Bet), see Mossad le Aliyah Bet, Jewish Agency for Palestine

Aliyat Yeladim Va-No’ar (Hebrew: Youth Aliyah), established as Jüdische Jugendhilf in 1932, see Youth Aliyah

Alliance American Lithuanian Jews, USA

Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), Paris, France, see Universal Israelite Alliance, established in Paris in 1860

Comité de la Rue Amelot

Alliance Israélite Universelle of America, Central Committee, Philadelphia, PA, established 1940, 3 branches

Samuel Edelman, chairman

Frank Hahn, Jr.

La Amelot (Rue Amelot Committee, see Amelot Committee), France (Colonie Scolaire)

Abraham Alperine, leader

Henry Bulawko (Hashomer Hatzair)

Léo Glaeser, co-founder, treasurer

Yehuda Jakubowicz, secretary

David Rappaport, co-founder

Dr. Eugene Minkowski (OSE)

Fernand Musnik (UGIF leader)

Margaret Schachnowski (non-Jewish), Children’s Commission

Mrs. Rina (Bund)

Broniek Ezerowicz

Joseph Byl, leader

David Oks

Mrs. Ester Greenberg

Rubin Grinberg

American Association of Former Austrian Jurists, established 1941, inactive 1976, New York, NY, founded by former Austrian immigrants

American Association of Former European Jurists, established 1939, inactive as of 1970, New York, NY; original name was American Association of Former German Jurists

Bruno Weil

American Association of University Women, Inc. (AAUW), established 1882, Washington, DC; Committee on International Relations, Committee on Refugee Aid established 1940; helped place European refugee academics, raised funds

American Committee for Hungarian War Refugees, USA

American Committee for the Aid of Jews in Galicia, USA

American Committee for the Relief and Resettlement of Yemenite Jews, New York, NY, Palestine, in cooperation with United Yemenite Community of Palestine and Federation of Yemenite Jews in America

Moses I. Feuerstein, chairman, 1943

Zacharia Gluska, executive director

Mortimer J. Propp, chairman, 1941

Arthur Sherr, vice chairman, 1941

Abraham Mazer, treasurer, 1941

American Committee for the Relief of Jews in Poland, USA

American Committee of OSE, Inc., The American Committee for the Protection of the Health of Jews, established 1929, closed 1971, New York, NY, USA, affiliated with TOZ, Jewish Health Protection Society of Poland; Publication: American OSE Review

Albert Einstein, honorary chair

Israel Wechler, chairman, board of directors

A. J. Rongy, M.D., chairman, executive committee

Dr. Eng. B. Pregel, co-chairman

J. J. Golub, M.D., chairman, 1933-1937

D. Jedabnik, M.D., vice chairman

Dr. Eng. Charles Breyner, treasurer

L. Wulman, M.D., secretary

J. Bruztkus, M.D., council, honorary committee

L. Lazarowitz, M.D., council

Emanuel Libman, honorary committee

Milton J. Rosenau, honorary committee

Pierre Dreyfus

Mrs. Pierre de Gunzbourg

L. Rosenthal, M.D.

M. Sudarski, M.D.

Mr. E. Weil

American Council for Warsaw Jews, USA, 1942

American Council of Jews from Austria, USA, established 1942

American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, USA, established 1944; HIAS-ICA co-founder

American Economic Committee for Palestine, New York, NY, established 1932

Edward A. Norman

American Emergency Committee for Zionist Affairs (ECZA), New York, NY, established 1939; became American Zionist Emergency Council in 1942; Constituent bodies: Zionist Organization of America; Hadassah; Mizrachi; Poale Zion, members: 29

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, chairman 1939-1942

Louis E. Levinthal, chairman, office committee

Arthur Lourie, executive secretary

American Federation for Lithuanian Jews, Inc., New York, NY, USA, established 1937

Elias Fife, president

I. Rozovsky, executive director

Frank Epstein, secretary

American Federation for Polish Jews, New York, NY, USA, established 1940, see Federation of Polish Jews in America, New York, NY, USA, established 1908, affiliated with the World Federation of Polish Jews, members: 65,000, publication: Polish Jews

Benjamin Winter, national chairman, president, 1923-1943

Z. Tygel, executive director, 1923-1940

Joseph Tannenbaum, president, 1923-1940

Jacob Brown, vice president

Abraham Goldberg, vice president

Mrs. A. P. Kaplan, vice president

S. Margoshes, vice president

H. J. Rubenstein, vice president

Abraham Werman, vice president

Nathan Korn, district vice president

Sol Ferleger, district vice president

I. Finkelstein, district vice president

Henry Szoszkies

Morris Blumenstock, director

Women’s Division, members: 200:

Mrs. A. P. Kaplan, president

Mrs. J. Brown, vice president

Mrs. H. Glanz, vice president

Mrs. Esther Rosen, vice president

Mrs. H. Mechutan, vice president

Clara Raphael, treasurer

Mrs. Ray Cohen, secretary

Mrs. B. Tykulsker, financial secretary

American Federation of Jews from Austria, Inc., established 1940, New York, NY; represented six Austrian refugee and immigrant groups in NY

American Federation of Jews from Central Europe, Inc., New York, NY, USA, established 1939, renamed the American Federation of Jews from Germany and Austria in 1940

Rudolf Callman, president

Ernst Fraenkel, executive secretary

Max Gruenewald, founder

Max M. Warburg, founder

Nathan Stein, founder

Frederick W. Borchardt, founder

American Friends of a Jewish Palestine, New York, NY, USA, established 1939, see also Bergson Group, members: 1,000, publication: The Answer

William G. Stanton, chairman, national executive board

William B. Ziff, honorary chairman

Louis Germain, treasurer

Gabriel Wechsler, secretary

American Friends of Polish Jews, New York, NY, USA, established 1941, members: 500, publication: bulletins

George M. Geigin, president

Z. Tygel, executive vice president

American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), part of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, headquarters Philadelphia, PA; the American Friends Service Committee was not a Jewish organization.  However, numbers of Jews volunteered in Europe under its auspices; it was particularly active in German, France, Spain and Portugal, established 1917; received Nobel Peace Prize in 1947

Rufus Jones (USA), Leader

Clarence Pickett (USA), Chairman

Elizabeth Abegg (1967), Berlin, Germany (1882-1957)

David J. Blickenstaff (USA), Lisbon, Portugal; Spain

Phillip B. Conrad (USA), Lisbon, Portugal

Lindsey Nobel, USA, France

Howard E. Kershner (USA), Marseilles, France, 1940-1941

Roswell D. McClelland (USA), Southern France, later WRB representative, Geneva, Switzerland, 1944-1945

Henry Harvey, Vichy Representative

Burns Chalmers, Marseilles, Southern France

Gilbert Lesage, Head, Service Social des Estrangers (SSE)

Helga Holbek

Alice Resch Synnestvedt (“Miss Resch)

Gerhard Schwersensky (b. 1909)

Ilse Schwersensky (b. 1904

Mr. Heinz Hagen, Berlin

Celine Roth de Neufville, Southern France

American Guild for German Cultural Freedom, established 1936, dissolved 1940, New York, NY

Hubertus Prinz zu Loewenstein, founder, general secretary

Alvin Johnson, officer

Oswald G. Villard, officer

American Jewish Committee (AJC), New York, NY, USA, established 1906, later part of Joint Emergency Committee for European Jewish Affairs, members, corporate: 327, publication: Contemporary Jewish Record

Cyrus Adler (d. 1940), president

Solomon Marcuse Strook, president, 1940

Maurice Wertheim, president, 1941-1943

Joseph M. Proskauer (1877-1971), president, 1943-

Mrs. Jacobson

Dr. Max Gottschalk

Morris D. Waldheim, executive vice president

Harry Schneiderman, assistant secretary

Abram I. Elkus, honorary vice president

Irving Lehman

Lessing J. Rosenwald, vice president

Carl J. Austrian

Samuel D. Leidsdorf, treasurer

Louis E. Kirsten, chairman

Sidney Wallach, associate secretary

Executive committee:

Felix M. Warburg

James N. Rosenberg

Lewis L. Strauss

Samuel I. Rosenman

American Jewish Conference, USA, established August 1943, disbanded 1949;

Henry Monsky, founder (president, B’nai B’rith)

Abba Hillel Silver

American Jewish Congress (AJC), affiliated with the World Jewish Congress, New York, NY, established 1917, reconstituted 1922, reorganized 1938, see also Women’s Division, American Jewish Congress; Publication: Congress Weekly, reports

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, leader, chairman 1917-1949, president 1925-1929 and 1935-1945

Joseph L. Tanenbaum, chairman, executive committee, 1929-1936, vice president, 1943-1945

Bernard Deutsch, president  1929-1935

Lillie Shultz, administrative secretary

Nathan D. Perlman, vice president

Louis Lipsky, chairman, governing council

Carl Sherman, chairman, administrative committee

Max F. Wolf, chairman, council of organizations

Jacob Leichtman, treasurer

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC; Jewish Joint), New York, NY, USA, American Jewish Joint Agricultural Corporation, Agro-Joint (Colonization Department of JDC), Trans Migration Bureau, American Joint Reconstruction Foundation (established 1924), “Joint,” established 1914; publication: JDC Digest

Alexander Kahn, a JDC founder 1914, vice-chairman 1937-1961

Edward M. M. Warburg, vice chairman 1938-1939, co-chairman 1940, chairman 1941-1943, 1946-1965, hon. chairman 1966-

Felix Warburg, chairman 1914-1932, hon. chairman 1932-1937, ASJFS hon. pres.

Mrs. Felix M. Warburg, hon. chairman

Paul Baerwald, hon. chairman 1932-1941, 1943-1945, hon. chair 1941-1943, treasurer 1920-1931, 1946-1947, 1946-1961

James N. Rosenberg, hon. chairman, exec. comm. vice chairman 1923-1939

Cyrus Adler, JDC founder 1914, chairman cult. comm. 1920-1940

James L. Becker, chairman National Council

Bernhard Kahn, JDC founding managing director 1924-1939, vice chairman 1950-1955

Herbert Katzki, exec. staff 1936-1979; Eurexco secretary 1939-1944; asst. dir. gen. 1951-1964; deputy dir. gen., 1965-1967; asst. & assoc. exec. vice chairman 1968-1979

Noel Aronovichi, founding secretary general 1928-1940, vice managing director 1939-1940

Albert H. Lieberman, vice-chairman National Council

Joseph C. Hyman, executive vice chairman 1940-1946, JDC secretary 1925-1939, JDC vice chairman 1947-1949

Herbert H. Lehman, vice-chairman

George Backer, vice-chairman

David M. Bressler, vice-chairman 1937-1942, chairman budget and scope committee 1933-1940

Alfred Jaretzki, Jr., vice-chairman 1941-1942, 1944-1946, chairman S. American Comm. 1939-1942

Harold F. Linder, vice-chairman 1941-1942, 1944-1946, chairman finance, budget & scope committees 1939-1942

Solomon Lowenstein, vice-chairman 1939-1941, exec. comm. 1919-1941

William Rosenwald, vice-chairman

William J. Shroder, vice-chairman

M. C. Sloss, vice-chairman

Jonah B. Wise, JDC/UJA campaigns national chairman 1931-1950, vice-chairman 1937-1959, exec. comm. 1931-1959

Alexqander A. Landesco, treasurer 1942-1944, personnel comm. chairman 1941-1942

I. Edwin Goldwasser, treasurer

Marco F. Hellman, treasurer

Abner Bregman, associate treasurer

Charles J. Liebman, rec. chairman 1934-1945, Europe rep. 1933-1934

Evelyn M. Morrissey, exec. staff 1915-1961, assistant treasurer 1939-1970

Mrs. H. B. L. Goldstein, comptroller

Isidor Coons, director of fund raising 1930-1949; exec. vice chairman UJA 1939-1949

Moses A. Levitt, secretary 1940-1946, 1948-1965, exec. staff 1929-1933, 1940-1946

Aron Teitelbaum, exec. comm. 1921-1932; board of directors 1931-1944

Henry Ittelson, exec. comm. 1940-1942, board of directors 1939-1942

Harold Trobe, exec. staff 1944-1956, 1966-1977; JDC Lisbon 1944-1945

B. Charney Vladeck, exec. comm. 1920-1922, 1926-1938

Peter Wiernik, exec. comm. 1921-1935, board of directors 1931-1935

James Marshal, exec. comm. 1929-1944, board of directors 1931-1944, ASJFS subscriber

Leo Jung, chairman cult. and relig. comm., 1943-1978

JDC Board of Directors (alphabetically)

Henry Ittelson, exec. comm. 1940-1942, board of directors 1939-1942

James Marshal, exec. comm. 1929-1944, board of directors 1931-1944, ASJFS subscriber

Dudley D. Sicher 1934-1938

Aron Teitelbaum, exec. comm. 1921-1932; board of directors 1931-1944

Peter Wiernik, exec. comm. 1921-1935, board of directors 1931-1935

European Executive Council (Eurexco)

Dr. Bernhard Kahn, vice chairman 1922-1924; chairman 1924-1938; hon. chairman; JDC founding managing director 1924-1939; JDC vice chairman 1950-1955

Morris C. Troper, chairman European Executive Council 1938-1942

Joseph J. Schwartz, vice-chairman 1940-1941, chairman 1942-1949, European Executive Council

Nathan Katz, secretary-general 1937-1939

Herbert Katzki, Eurexco secretary 1939-1944

William Bein 1921-1940

Isaac Giterman, JDC Poland staff member 1919-1943, director JDC Poland 1939-1943

David K. Schweitzer, vice chairman 1926-1939; overseas staff 1920-1942; JDC Recon. Found., vice managing director 1928-1940; DORSA manager 1941-1942

Solomon Trone, Sousa Project, Eurexco, DORSA 1939-1940

Herbert Katzki, exec. staff 1936-1979; Eurexco secretary 1939-1944; asst. dir. gen. 1951-1964; deputy dir. gen., 1965-1967; asst. & assoc. exec. vice chairman 1968-1979

Isaac (Yitzhak) Gitterman*, head, Central Committee

New York, USA – Headquarters Staff

Morris Troper, Director of European Affairs 1938-1942

Nathan C. Belth, JDC publicity 1935-1940

Harry D. Biele, staff member 1944-1947; comm. secretary, Latin America, 1944-1945; Agro Joint, 1944-1945; deputy director Germany, 1945-1947

Frederick W. Borchardt, JDC representative who conducted refugee fact-finding missions to S. America, 1936-1940

Henriette K. Buchman, staff member 1934-1962, comm. secretary Cult. and Relig., 1937-1962, Poland and Eastern Europe 1941-1943

Philip Skorneck, exec. staff 1944-1949

Lillian Cantor, staff member 1921-1971

Seymour S. Cohen, JDC publicity director 1944-1945

Nathan Weisman, staff member 1941-1944

Bernice Kandel, publicity dept. 1944

Bertrand S. Jacobson, staff 1936-1938, 1940-1942, 1945-1947

J. B. Lightman, exec. staff 1933-1936

Ben L. Simon 1931-1938

Roman Slobodin, pub. dir. 1941

Louis H. Sobel, assistant secretary 1944-1946

Dorothy L. Speiser, exec. staff 1921-1968

Alfred H. Katz, statistics dept. 1937-1938

George Natanson, NY staff 1933

Robert Pilpel, exec. asst. NY 1946-1952; exec. staff 1939-1952; Agro Joint secretary 1940-1944, 1948-1952

Louis Popkin, publicity department, 1932-1935

Herbert J. Seligman, pub. info. dept. director 1935-1938

Zelda F. Popkin, publicity director, 1943-1944

Nathan Reich, dir. research dept. 1944-1948

Ruth M. Rojek, 1938-1943

Irwin Rosen, 1939-1941, 1942-1948

Julia Rubenstein 1933-1940

Overseas staff

Joseph J. Schwartz, overseas staff 1939-1950, JDC secretary 1940, Eurexo vice chairman 1940-1941

Noel Aronovici 1919-1956

William Bein 1921-1954

Laura Margolis Jarblum, overseas staff 1939-1956, 1958-1974; JDC rep. Cuba 1939-1941; JDC rep. Shanghai 1941-1943; JDC rep. Sweden 1944 (Oct.-Dec.); JDC rep. Belgium 1945-1946; JDC rep. France 1946-1953; staff member JDC Malben 1954-1956, 1958-1974

Moses Beckelman 1939-1942, Lithuania 1939-1941, Latin America 1939-1941

Charles H. Jordan, 1941-1943, 1945-1967; JDC rep. Caribbean 1941-1943; JDC rep. Far East 1945-1947; director general of overseas operations 1956-1967; JDC exec. vice-chairman 1966-1967

Charles J. Leibman, JDC rep. in Europe 1933-1934

Mordechai Kessler 1943-1945

Arthur D. Greenleigh, overseas staff 1944-1946

Louis J. Platt, field representative 1936-1938

Joseph A. Rosen 1921-1942

Emanuel Rosen, 1939-1942, 1947-1954

David K. Schweitzer, vice chairman 1926-1939; overseas staff 1920-1942; JDC Recon. Found., vice managing director 1928-1940; DORSA manager 1941-1942

Jacob Trobe, overseas staff 1944-1948

Arthur A. Fishzohn, overseas staff 1944-1946; JDC representative Turkey 1944-1945; JDC representative Bulgaria 1946

Manuel Siegel, overseas staff 1940-1947, Cuba 1940-1941, Shanghai 1941-1945

J. B. Lightman, representative, South America 1933-1950

Solomon Trone, Sousa Project, Eurexco, DORSA 1939-1940

Reuben Resnick, 1943-1946; rep. Near East, Portugal & Italy 1944-1946

Algiers – Eli Gozlan

Argentina – S. Pereira Mendes, 1936; Jacob P. Lightman, 1943

Austria: Vienna – Josef L. Dewenherz

Belgium – Laura Margolis (Jarblum), 1945-1946

Bulgaria – Arthur A. Fishzohn

Caribbean – Charles H. Jordan, 1941-1943 (overseas staff 1941-1943, 1945-1967; JDC rep. Far East 1945-1947; director general of overseas operations 1956-1967; JDC exec. vice-chairman 1966-1967)

China: Shanghai – Laura L. Margolis (Jarblum), 1941-1943, Manuel Siegel 1941-1945, C. Brahn, chairman, J. Bitker, Abraham Levenspiel

Columbia – Lazaro Zelwer

Costa Rica – Louis Feinblat, Leon J. Obermayer

Croatia - Klein

Cuba – Laura L. Margolis (Jarblum), 1939-1941; Jack Brandon, 1938; Alberto H. Kates; Albert Hartman; S. L. Maduro; Milton D. Goldsmith, Aug. 1939-Jan. 1940; Manuel Siegel, 1940-1941; Charles H. Jordon; Robert Pilpel, 1939-1943; Oscar Gurfinkel; Joseph Kleinman, Joint Rel. Comm. 1939-1940; Rose M. Rabinoff, Cuba Joint Relief Comm. 1941-1943, Ester Margolis 1939-1940

Curaçao – Milton H. M. Maduro, Rabbi I. J. Cardozo (Joose Hulp-Comite)

Czechoslovakia: Prague – Dr. Franz Friedman, Erich Khon

Dominican Republic – Rebeccah M. Reyher (exec. secretary, 1940-1943), David K. Schweitzer, Dr. Walter Blum (Joint Relief Committee; JRC)

Ecuador – Oscar Rocca

England: London – Donald B. Hurwitz, Harold F. Linder 1945, David H. Sulzberger 1943

Far East: Charles H. Jordan, 1945-1947

France: Laura Margolis (Jarblum), 1946-1953

France: Paris – Herbert Katzki 1940, Dorothy Manson 1939-1940

France: Southern France – Jules Jefroykin, Maurice Brener, Joseph Croustillon, Sholomo Steinhorn

Germany: Berlin – Otto Hirsch*, Paul Meyerheim

Greece – Vittorio Velobra

Guatemala

Haiti

Hungary: Budapest – Bertram S. Jacobson (co-director 1940-Dec. 1941), Bella Wagner, Eppler, Josef Blum (co-director 1940-1944), Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish consul, Carl Lutz, Swiss vice consul

India: Bombay

Iran: Teheran – Harry Viteles, Charles Passman (exec. staff Near East & Palestine 1943-1958)

Italy – Vittorio Valobra, Emanuel Rosen, Giuseppe Levi, Kart Peiser (JDC rep. North Africa, Italy, 1943-1944), Max Perlman (JDC rep. North Africa, Italy, 1943-1944), Reuben Resnick (overseas staff 1943-1946; rep. Near East, Portugal & Italy 1944-1946)

Jamaica

Japan: Tokyo, Kobe, Yokohama – Ernst Baerwald

Latvia: Riga

Libya: Tripoli

Lithuania – Moses Beckelman, Isaac (Yitzhak) Giterman*, Grodensky, Solomon Taraszansky

Luxemburg

Mexico

Morocco

Near East – Reuben Resnick (overseas staff 1943-1946; rep. Near East, Portugal & Italy 1944-1946), Charles Passman (exec. staff Near East & Palestine 1943-1958)

The Netherlands: Amsterdam – Gertrude van Tijn, H. Kalb

North Africa – Donald B. Hurwitz, Kurt Peiser (JDC rep. North Africa, Italy, 1943-1944), Max Perlman (JDC rep. North Africa, Italy, 1943-1944)

Palestine – Judah Leon Magnus, advisory comm. chairman 1943-1944

Panama – Rabbi Nathan Witkin (Jewish Welfare Board; JWB)

The Philippines: Manila – Laura L. Margolis

Poland: Warsaw – Isaac (Yitzhak) Gitterman* (staff member 1919-1943, director 1939-1943), David Guzik 1920-1946, Lieb Neustadt, Emmanuel Ringelblum, Isaac Bornstein, Stephan Luxemburg 1926-1938, Solomon Taraszansky (JDC Poland 1932-1939; JDC Lithuania 1939-1941); closed December 21, 1941, see also Jewish Mutual Aid Society (ZTOS), Warsaw, Poland

Portugal: Lisbon – d’Esaguy, Daniel Sequerra, Robert Pilpel (JDC Lisbon 1944-1945), Reuben Resnick (overseas staff 1943-1946; rep. Near East, Portugal & Italy 1944-1946), Harold Trobe, 1944-1945, Herbert Katzki, Solomon Trone

Romania: Wilhelm Filderman, Bertrand S. Jacobson 1940-1942, Fred Saraga, Dr. Baruch Costiner, Samuel Singher, Wilhelm Fischer

Serbia - Spitzer

Slovakia: Gisi Fleischmann*, Josef Blum, Bertrand S. Jacobson 1940-1942, Robert K. Füredi; confidential representatives: A. Frischer, Kovasz, Krasniansky, Dr. Revecz, Dr. Rosenberg, Rosenthal K. Stein

South America – Alfred Jaretzki, 1939-1942 (JDC vice-chairman 1941-1942, 1944-1946); Noel Aronovici; F. W. Borchard, 1936-1940; M. D. Goldsmith, 1940-1941; Moses Beckelman, 1941-1942; L. H. Sobel, 1943; Jacob B. Lightman, 1943-1944; Gertrude D. Pinsky, exec. staff

Uruguay & Europe, 1944-1946; S. Pereira Mendes, 1936

Spain: Barcelona – Samuel Sequerra (posing as representative of the Portuguese Red Cross)

Spain: Madrid – Paul Block, David Blinkenstaff (non-Jew)

Sweden – Laura L. Margolis (Jarblum), Oct.-Dec. 1944, Manuel Siegal, Marcus Levine, Ragnar Gottfarb

Switzerland: Geneva – Saly Mayer

Tangier – Jacob Laredo

Turkey – Arthur A. Fishzohn

Uruguay – Gertrude Pinsky, exec. staff Uruguay & Europe, 1944-1946

Venezuela: Caracas – Lazaro Zelwer (HIAS-ICA)

American Jewish Joint Agricultural Corporation , USA, established 1924 (see Domincan Republic Settlement Association, DORSA, and Sociedad Colonizadora de Bolivia)

Joseph A. Rosen, president 1927-1938, director 1924-1942, DORSA vice president 1939-1942

Maurice B. Hexter, president, 1943-1952, chairman of board or president DORSA 1948-1982

Abner Bregman, treasurer

Jamers N. Rosenberg, chairman 1924-1942, ASJFS president 1928-1948, DORSA chairman board of directors 1941-1947, hon. chairman 1947-1970

Joseph C. Hyman, assistant treasurer

Robert Pilpel, secretary 1940-1944, 1948-1952; exec. staff 1939-1952; Latin Amer. Comm. secretary 1939-1944

Board of directors: Abner Bregman, James H. Becker, Alexander Kahn, Bernhard Kahn, Alfred Jaretzki, Jr., Joseph C. Hyman, Harold F. Linder, Joseph A. Rosen, Edward M. M. Warburg, Miss Evelyn M. Morrissey

Trustees: James N. Rosenberg, chairman; James H. Becker, vice-chairman; Paul Baerwald, treasurer; George Backer, Herbert H. Lehman, James Marshall, Lewis L. Strauss, Eeward M. M. Warburg, Jonah B. Wise, William Rosenwald, Alexander Kahn; Robert Pilpel, assistant secretary

American Joint Reconstruction Foundation (American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee), France

American Joint Reconstruction Foundation (Foundation), USA, established 1924

Sir Leonard Cohen, president 1929-1934 (ICA president)

Sir Osmond d’Avigdor Goldsmid, president 1934-1940 (ICA president)

Leonard G. Montefiore, 1940-1944 (ICA president)

Bernard Flexner, vice president 1932-1938

A. A. Landesco 1938-1944

Bernard Kahn (JDC), co-managing director 1934-1939

David J. Schweitzer, co-managing director 1939-1941

Louis Oungre (ICA), co-managing director 1924-1941

Noel Arondvici, secretary general 1924-1941

American members – David M. Bressler, Meyer Gillis, Alexander Kahn, Alexender A. Landesco (governor), Herbert H. Lehman, Felix M. Warburg, Joseph C. Hyman (secretary to American members)

ICA members, Great Britain – Dr. Julius Blau, Sir Osmond d’Avigdor Golsmid, Dr. Alfred Klee, Leonard G. Montefiore, Emil Oettinger, Marquess of Reding

Eastern Euorpean members – Dr. Leon Bramson, Dr. Isaac Joffe, Dr. Albert Sondheimer, Mr. Rafal Szereszowski, Senator Jacob Trockenheimer, Mr. Isaac Ussoskin

Committee on Refugee Aid in Europe, established February 1939

E. M. M. Warburg, chairman

Herbert Katzki, secretary

Committee on Refugee Aid in Central and South America—Latin American Committee, established February 1944

Alfred Jaretski, Jr., chairman, 1939-1942

Isaac H. Levy, chairman, 1942-1944

Robert Pilpel, secretary, 1939-1944

Harry Biel, secretary, 1944

Emergency Committee on Jewish Refugees, 1935-1938

Joint Relief Committee (JRC), Cuba

Alberto H. Kates

S. L. Maduro

Albert Hartman

Jack Brandon

Junior Division of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee

Officers: Pauline Baerwald Falk, hon. chairman; Lois Hollander Cole, national chairman; Tracy H. Ferguson, national vice-chairman; Milton S. Pratiner, national secretary

Transmigration Bureau (TB), New York and Lisbon, Portugal

Canadian Emigration Project, Iberian Penninsula

American Jewish K C Fraternity, Inc., Max Mainzer Memorial Foundation, Inc., established 1939, Flushing, NY

American Jewish Relief Committee (AJRC), USA, 1933-1944

American Joint Recontruction Foundation, see American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, France

American Leagues for a Free Palestine

American League for the Defense of Jewish Rights, USA

Abraham Coralnik, founder

Samuel Untermyer

American National Committee of the World Union for Preserving Health of Jews (OSE), USA, established 1929

Dr. J. J. Golub, chairman 1933-1937

Dr. A. J. Rongy, 1937

Albert Einstein, honorary chairman

American Organization for Rehabilitation and Training (ORT) Federation, New York, NY, USA, established 1922; Publication: ORT Economic Review

George Backer, national president

B. Charney Vladek, national chairman 1932-1938

Aaron B. Tart, executive vice chairman

Philip Block, executive director

Louis B. Boudin, chairman, board of directors

Edgar Salinger, chairman, national plan and scope committee

Joseph Weinberg, treasurer

American Palestine Campaign, (APC; Yishuv), USA, established 1931

J. C. Hyman, incorporator, board member

American Philanthropic Fund (Rosenwald Estate; Rosenwald Family Capital Outlay Fund), USA

American Pro-Falasha Committee, New York, NY, USA, established 1922

Hyman J. Reit, chairman

Joseph Zeitland, corporate secretary

Jacques Faitlovich, executive director

American Red Mogen David for Palestine, New York, NY, USA, established 1940, members: 2,000

Harry A. Pine, president

Herman Zvi Quitman, secretary

American Relief for France (ARF), USA, established mid-1944

American Representatives of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, New York, NY, USA, established 1932, members: 115

Morris Rothenberg, chairman, administrative committee

Julian Mack, honorary chairman

Steven S. Wise, co-chairman

Horace Stern, vice chairman

Robert Szold, vice chairman

James H. Becker, administrative committee

Mrs. Rose G. Jacobs, administrative committee

Alexander Kahn, administrative committee

Albert H. Lieberman, administrative committee

Louis Lipsky, administrative committee

Solomon Lowenstein, administrative committee

Samuel Shulman, administrative committee

American Zionist Emergency Council (AZEC), USA, established 1942; formerly American Emergency Committee for Zionist Affairs (ECZA), established 1939; member organizations: Zionist Organization of America; The Hadassah Women’s Zionist Organization; Labor Zionists; Mizrachi

Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver (1893-1963), chairman

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise (1874-1949), chairman 1942-1945

Anglo HICEM, see HICEM, see also German-Jewish Emigration Council, London, England

Anglo-Jewish Association (AJA), England, established 1871

Leonard Stein, chairman 1939-1949

Nevil Laski

Leonard Montefiore

Anonymous Company (Naamloze Vennootschap), NV Group, Limited Group, The Netherlands, established spring 1942

Anti-Defamation League of B’nai Brith (ADL), Chicago, IL, USA, established 1913; Publication: ADL Newsletter 

Richard E. Gutstadt

Antifascist Bialystok Cell, Bialystok Ghetto

Haika Grosman (1919-), Hashomer Hatsair

Marila Ruziecka

Liza Czapnik

Haska Belicka (Borenstein)

Ana Rud

Bronka Winicki (Klibawski)

Anti-Fascist Committee

Ilya G. Ehrenburg (1891-1967), leader

Itzik Fefer (1900-1952)

Anti-Fascist Struggle Organization, Kovno, Lithuania, Rudninki Forest, partisan group

Hiam Yellin* (1913-1943), leader

Arad, Hungary, Rescue Operations

Ben-Ephraim

Berl Schieber

Egon Roth

Franz Neuman

Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Kinder and Jugen-Aliya-Association for Child and Youth Immigration to Palestine, Berlin, Germany, London, England, established 1934

Armée Juive (AJ), France, see Jewish Army

Armée Secrete (AS), see Secret Army

Assembly of Hebrew Orthodox Rabbis of America and Canada

Assistance Medicale aux Enfants d’Emigres, Paris, France, 1934-1940, established 1934

Associacao Beneficente Israelita “Uniao,” Brazil

Dr. Paul Zander, president (Rio)

Dr. Ludwig Lorch, San Paolo

Associata Culturale a Femeilor Euree, see Cultural Association of Jewish Women, Romania

Association d’Elude d’Assistance Service, Algiers, North Africa

Elie Goslan, chairman

Association des Israelites Pratiquants (AIP), Marseilles, France, 1942, see Association of Observant Jews

Association Filantropica Israelita (AFI), until 1939, renamed Hilfsverein deutschsprechender Juden, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Montevideo, Uruguay

Mauricio Speyer, until June 1943

George Mayer, after June 1943

Association for Aid to German Emigrants (Vereinigung zur Unterstuetzung Deutscher Emigranten)

Association for Assistance to Poor Sick Jews, “Miszmeres Cholim,” Vilna, Lithuania

Association for Orphan Assistance and Child Protection, “Centros,” Vilna, Lithuania

Association “Hilf durch Arbeit” (Help Through Work), Vilna, Lithuania

Association of Bavarian Jewish Communities (Verband Bayerischer Israelitischer Gemeinen)

Association of Czechoslovak Immigrants, see Hitachdut Olei Czechoslovakia (HOC)

Association of German Immigrants, see Hitachdut Olei Germania (HOG)

Association of Hungarian Jews of America, Inc., New York, NY, USA, established 1921

Alexander Altman, president

Herman Quittman, chairman, board of directors

Albert Farkas, vice president

Carol Klein, vice president

Alex Klein, treasurer

G. Benes, executive director

Association of Italian Jewish Women, Milan.  The Association of Italian Jewish Women helped Austrain Jewish refugees in Italy. 

Association of Jewish Refugees (AJR), England, established London 1940

Association of Jewish Refugees, Melbourne, Australia

Dr. Herman Sanger (Melbourne)

Dr. Max Joseph (Sydney)

Association of Jewish Refugees and Immigrants from Poland, New York, NY, USA, established 1940, members: 500

Jacob Apenszlak, chairman 1940-1945

Ariel Tartakower, chairman of the council

H. Szoszkies, vice chairman

Leon Wulman, vice chairman

L. Jedwabnik, vice chairman

F. Tauber, vice chairman

Jacob Librach, treasurer

Ch. Finkelstein, secretary

M. Jahalom

Ch. Finkelstein, secretary of the board

G. Kowalski, executive secretary

Assocation of Jewish War Veterans (RJF), Germany

Association of Jewish Women, Vilna, Lithuania

Association of Jewish Women for Cultural Work in Palestine (Verband Judischer Frauen für Kulturarbeit in Palästina), Switzerland, established 1927

Association of Jewish Women in Italy (Associazione donne Ebrea d’Italia; ADEI), established 1920s; in 1931, ADEI joined the Italian Federation of WIZO and became ADEI-WIZO

Association of Jewish Writers and Journalists, Vilna, Lithuania

Association of Jews of Belgium (AJB; Association des Juifs en Belgique), established November 25, 1941

Chief Rabbi Solomon Ullman⁺

Nico Workum, deputy

Maurice Benedictus⁺, secretary

Solomon Vandenberg

Marie Blum-Albert

Association of Observant Jews (Association des Israelites Pratiquants; AIP), Marseilles, France, 1942

Joseph Bass

Association of Rabbis of Switzerland (Rabbinerverband der Schweiz)

Association of Swiss Jewish Communities (Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindbund)

George Brunschvig, president

Association of Swiss Jewish Refugee Aid Societies (Verband Schweizerischer Jüdischer Flüchtlingshilfen)

Association of the Christian Jews of Hungary (Magyarországi Kereszteny Zsidók Szövetsegé), see also Holy Cross Society of Budapest

Association of the Jews of Hungary (Magyarországi Zsidók Szövetsége), Jewish Council, Budapest

Association of Yugoslav Jews in the United States, Inc., New York, NY, USA, established 1941, members: 83

Otto Heinrich, president

Roman Smucker, secretary

Association pour le Retablissement des Institions et Oeuvres Juive en France et dans ses Possessions d’Outremer (ARIF), France, established 1944

Association “TOZ,” Vilna, Lithuania

Associazione donne Ebrea d’Italia (ADEI), see Association of Jewish Women in Italy

Dr. Yeheskel Atlas Partisan Unit, Derechin Ghetto Area, Lipiczany Forest, 120 members

Dr. Yeheskel Atlas* (1913-1942), commander

Bulat Division

Israel Bogdush

Samuel Bornstein

Chaim Joshua Lipshovitz* d. 1944

Eliyahu Lipshovitz*, deputy commander

Gershon Lipshovitz

Taibe Lipshovitz

Auschwitz-Birkenau-Monowitz Death Camp

Adek⁺* (d. 1944)

Mala Zimerbaum⁺* (d. 1944)

Edward Galinski⁺* (1922-1944)

Alfred Wetzler⁺

Walter Rosenberg⁺ (Rudolf Vrba)

Tusia⁺*

Regina⁺*

Roza Robota⁺* (d. 1944)

Ella Gartner⁺*

Raphael Zelwer⁺ (HDBM, Lódz Ghetto)

Auschwitz Fighting Group (Kampfgruppe Auschwitz), established August 1943 by Jews and non-Jews

Australian Jewish Welfare Society (AJWS), Australia, established 1937

Sir Samuel Cohen

Autonomous Aid Committee (Comisia Autonoma de Asistenta), Bucharest, Romania, see also Jewish Center (Centrala Evreilor), Romania

Wilhelm Filderman

Fred Saraga

Baldwin Fund, see Lord Baldwin Fund (Great Britain)

Baranovichi Jewish Partisan Unit, Polesye Area

Baranowicz Ghetto Jewish Council

Yehosha Izikson*, Council member, murdered

Baranowicz Ghetto Underground Fighters

Izzio Oshrowski⁺*/Iziu Osherevsky

Moshe Zilberman⁺*

Moshe Zalmanovicz

Eliezer Lidovsky⁺ (Poalai Zion), leader

Dr. Abramovsky, leader

Warshavsky (Jewish Police commander)

Chaim Oshman (sector commander)

Moma Kopelowicz (Antek), leader (Hashomer Hatzair)

Aharon Gorsky (Gursky; Hashomer Hatzair)

Shalom Karyckevicz (Hashomer Hatzair)

Elyosha (Alyosha) Zaryckevicz⁺, leader (Hashomer Hatzair)

Yehoshua Izikson*, Jewish Council Chair

Izikson’s secretary*

Moshe Top

Sarah Rubinowicz (Schiff)

Monik Mushinsky (sector commander)

Moshe Himmelfarb (sector commander)

Shalom Rev (sector commander)

Monik Dubkovsky (sector commander)

Chaim Stolowicky (sector commander)

Zigelbaum

Yitzhak (Jewish Police)

Hilka Borzszansky (courier)

Zeitlin

Noah Rotman

Sevek Ravic

Issy Ozochovsky*, partisan emmissary

Baranowicz Ghetto Police, 15 police and police commandant members of resistance

Warszawski*, police commandant

Baron de Hirsch Fund, New York, NY, USA, established 1891, affiliated with Jewish Agricultural Society, New York, NY

George W. Naumburg, president

George Bookstaver, managing director

Stanley M. Isaacs, vice president

Richard S. Goldman, treasurer

Ralph F. Colin, honorary secretary

Eugene S. Benjamin, managing director

Lewis L. Strauss

Herbert Baum Group, Berlin, Germany, established 1933; made up of Jews from German-Jewish Commrades’ Hiking League, Hashomer Hazair, the Black Gang and Habonim

Herbert Baum* (1912-1942)

Marianne Baum* (née Cohn; 1912-1942)

Martin Kochman* (1912-1943)

Sala Kochman* (1912-1942)

Gerd Meyer*

Hanni Meyer*

Suzanne Wesse*

Heinz Birnbaum*

Heinz Rotholz*

Hella Hirsch*

Alice Hirsch*

Edith Fraenkel*

Felix Heyman*

Werner Steinbrink*

Hilde Jadamowitz*

Hans Adler*

Hans Joachim*

Marianne Joachim

Seigi Rotholz*

Lotte Rotholz*

Lothar Salinger*

Hilde Löwy*

Herbert Budzislaw*

Helbut Newmannsky*

Hardel Heyman*

Kurt Bernard*

Herbert Meyer*

Baumats Jewish Partisan Unit

BDJ, see Bund Deutsch-Jüdischer Jugend Berba, Germany

Bendzin (Bedzin) Ghetto Partisans, Katowice District, Poland

Zvi Brandes* (1917-1943), Hashomer Hatzair, commander Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Baruch Gaftek* (1913-1943), Dror – Halutz Underground, commander Jewish resistance

Shlomo Lerner* (d. 1943), founder Halutz underground Zaglembia, commander Jewish Fighteing Organizations, ZOB

David Liver, ghetto underground

Frumka Plotnitzka* (1914-1943), leader underground resistance

Ezriel (“Yozek”) Koszok, leader underground resistance

Mordecai Anielewicz*, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB), Bedzin, Warsaw

Marcus Pohorila* (1912-1943)

Herschel Springer, leader, underground

Rebecca Granz* (1915-1943), also Czenstochow and Warsaw Ghetto

Israel Kozhuch* (1922-1943)

Beith Ahawah Children’s Home, Berlin, Germany

Beate Berger*, head

BELHICEM (Belgique-HICEM), see HICEM

Bereza-Kartuska Ghetto (Kartusskaya Beraza), Polesei District, Belorussia, had organized escapes from ghetto; occupied by Germans June 23, 1941; ghetto established July 1942; first action on July 15, 1942, when Jews of Ghetto “B” were murdered; ghetto destroyed October 15, 1942

Appelbaum (partisan)

Bakaler (partisan)

M. Tuchman

Bergson Group, USA, Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, established June 1943, also Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews, see also Committee for an Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews

Peter Bergson (Hillel Kook), head, founder

Samuel Merlin, executive director

Congressman Will Rogers, Jr., co-chair (non-Jew)

Ben Hecht, co-chair, writer

Ira Hirschman, 1943, WRB representative, Turkey, 1944-1945

Max Lerner

Leo Danenberg, Turkey

Pierre van Passen

Emil Lengyel

Louis Bromfield

Senator Edward Johnson, Colorado (non-Jew)

Betar Party, Palestine (operating as part of Aliyah Bet in Europe)

Eri Jabotinsky, leader, Palestine

Eliyahu Glazer, leader, Danzig, Poland

Vienna, Austria – Mordecai Katz, chief, Ehud Avriel

Prague, Czechoslovakia – Naftali Paltin

Latvia – Avraham Stavsky

Warsaw, Poland – Mordechai Katz, Aron Propes, Eisik Remba

Romania – “Erwin” Leibovich (commander of ship Parita), Dr. Jacob Schieber, Dr. Edgar Kanner, Mr. Gorenstein, Mila Epstein, Yaakov Ariel, Eliyahu Even

Bratislava, Slovakia – Yehoshua Citron, leader

Backa, Yugoslavia – Dr. Francis Ofner

Bialystok Partisans, Poland, Ghetto Fighters

Mordecai Tennenbaum* (1916-1943), commander, Jewish Fighting Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB)

Daniel Moskowitz* (1908-1943), deputy commander, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Zvi Mersik* (1917-1943), Jewish Fighting Organization  (ZOB)

Ziphora Birman* (d. 1943), Chalutz Hatzair

Haska B’yelitska, Hashomer Hatzair, Anti-Fascist Committee, Poland

Milka Datner*

Chaim Friedman* (d. 1943), Dror, Jewish Fighting Organization  (ZOB)

Yeheskel Goldstein* (d. 1943), Halutz Hatzair

Chaika Grossman, Hashomer Hatzair, Anti-Fascist Committee liaison

Yerachmiel Kostin* (d. 1943), commander Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB), Bund

Sara Kupinska⁺* (d. 1943)

Malmed* [first name unknown] (1903-1943)

Lilka Malowitz* (d. 1943), member PPR and Jewish Fighteing Organization (ZOB)

Gedalyahu Petluk* (1920-1943), Hashomer Hatzair, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Kouba Rogozminski* (d. 1943), Hashomer Hatzair, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Gedalyahu Shayak

Yentil Sibovitz* (1924-1943), Hashomer Hatzair, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Ethel Sobol* (3. 1943), Dror, Jewish fighting Organization (ZOB)

Ephraim Strikuvsky* (d. 1943), Hashomer Hatzair

Yecheskel Tikutzki* (1922-1943), Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Abraham Viderman* (d. 1943)

Bronka Vinitzka, Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB)

Yocheved Weinstein* (1922-1943), Halutz Hatzair

Yocheved Weitzman*, Halutz Hatzair

Gura (Hanoch) Zelanza* (1919-1943), Jewish fighting Organization (ZOB)

Zorach Zilberberg* (1916-1943)

Biegma Brigade, see Voroshilov Jewish Partisans, Misiura Partisan Unit, Sernik Ghetto Underground

Bielski Partisans, Novogrudok Forests (Bielski Camp)

Tuvia Bielski (1906-1987), leader

Asael Bielski*

Zusya Bielski (Orozenikidze Division Partisans)

Aharon Bielski (1912-1995)

Benzion Bielski

Binyamin Baran

Yaakov Druk

Vevel Krupsky

Bikur Cholim, Switzerland

Blue Card, Inc., New York, NY, established 1940.  German-Jewish aid group.  Incorporated in 1943.  Helped Jewish immigrants.

B’nai Akiva (Mizrachi), Hungary

Rabbi Pinchas Tibor Rosenbaum

B’nai Brith International, Washington, DC, USA, established 1843; members: 163,000; publications: The National Jewish Monthly, B’nai B’rith News; see also Anti-Defamation League of B’nai Brith.  Aided Jews in Europe and immigrant refugees in the United States.

Henry Monsky, president

Maurice Bisgyer, secretary

Alfred M. Cohen, honorary president

Frank Goldman, vice president

Isidore M. Golden

A. B. Freyer

Sidney G. Kusworm, treasurer

B’nai Brith, Great Britain

B’nai Brith Hillel Foundations, Inc., established 1923, sponsored by B’nai Brith International; aided student refugees in the United States

Board of Deputies of Australian Jews, see also Executive Council of Australia Jewry

Board of Deputies of British Jews (BOD), Great Britain, established 1760

Neville Laski, president 1933-1939

Selig Brodetsky, president, 1939-1948

Board of the Jewish Community, Danzig, Poland

Bolotnikov Jewish Partisan Unit

Borba Parftisan Unit, Lipiczansk Forest, see also Diatlovo Gehtto Underground

Braslaw Ghetto Underground

Fisher

Lubawicz

Bratislava Rescue Committee

Briansk Jewish Partisan Unit

Bricha (“Flight”/”Escape”), 1944-1948

Brith Sholom, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, established 1905, aided fifty Jewish children from Germany in the 1930s

British Committee for Refugees from Czechoslovakia, Great Britian

Brodi Ghetto Fighters

Shmuel Weyler, CDR Underground Resistance, Zionist Revisionst

Brzesc Ghetto Underground, Belorussia, escape October 15, 1942, during ghetto liquidation

Michael Omalinski, led escape

Aryeh Sheinman

Shlomo Kandlik

Acksenbaum

Two underground organizations:

Nekama (Vengence)

Bulgarian American Committee

Bulgarian Zionist Federation

Albert Romano, Federation head

Bumazhkov Jewish Partisan Unit

Bund (Yiddisher Arbeter-Bund), Belgium, France, Lithuania, and Warsaw, Poland

Bund; League of German Youth (Bund Deutsch-Jüdischer Jugend; BDJ), established 1925, renamed Der Ring Bund Jüdischer Jugend in 1936, disbanded same year

Heinz Kellerman, head

Bund (G., Organization), Warsaw, Poland, joined Jewish Fighteing Organization (ZOB)

Abraham Blum (“Abrasha”)* (1905-1943)

Dr. Marek Edelman (b. 1921)

Leon Feiner* (1888-1945)

Schmuel Arthur Zygielbojm* (1895-1943)

Bureau of Jewish Social Research, Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds

Byten Ghetto Underground, Belorussia, 200 Jews escaped during action of July 25, 1942

Cachoud Group (Maurice Cachoud Group), France; the Maurice Cachoud Group consisted of approximately 25 young Jewish men and women who worked in the Jewish underground around Nice, France; this group was comprised of members of the Dubouchage Committee and members of other Jewish underground organizations; the Cachoud Group received funds and support from FSJF and UGIF, and the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, which provided the majority of its funding

Maurice Cachoud-Loebenberg^+†*, leader, founder

Jacob Weintraub

Claude Gutman

Raymond Heymann

Caisse Israelite de Prets, Paris, 1934-1935, created in 1934 to provide loans to German refugees in Paris; funded by American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and ICA

Camps Commission (Commission des Centre de Rassemblement), France, established 1941. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee obtained French permission to aid in relief activities in France.  Morris Troper, along with Rabbi Rene Hirschler and Marc Jarblum, established the Commission des Centre de Rassemblement (Camps Commission) in 1941

Chief Rabbi Rene Hirschler*, founder

Morris Troper, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)

Dr. Joseph Weill (director of OSE)

Canadian Emigration Project, Iberian Penninsula, see American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee

Canadian Jewish Committee for Refugees, established 1939

Saul Hayes

Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC), Canada, established 1919; founded Jewish Immigrant Aid Society

Samuel Bronfman, president 1936-1959

Hanane M. Caiserman

Simon Belkin

Peter Bercovitch

Solomon Frank

Egmont L. Frankel

Archibald J. Friedman

Center for Aliyah, established January 1939, Paris, France

Shlomo Yaakobi (Yankelewitz)

Hillel Kook (Peter H. Bergson)

Eri Jabotinsky

Yitzhak Rozin (Irgun)

Yosef Katznelson (NZO)

Eliyahu Bidner (Ben-Horin) – Romania, Palestine, USA

Center for Contemporary Jewish Documentation (Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaire; CDJC)

Isaac Schneerson, founder

Centos, see Central Agency for the Care of Orphans in Poland

Central Agency for Care of Orphans, Poland (Centos; Centrala Opieka nad Siepotani), Poland, established 1924

Adolf Abraham Berman (1906-1978), head

Leon Feiner (Bundist; 1888-1945), deputy head

Central Agudath Israel of Eretz Israel, Jerusalem

Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith (Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürger Jüdischen Glaubens; CV), renamed Centralverein de Juden in Deutschland in 1935, renamed again Jüdischer Centralverein in 1936, disbanded in 1938

Friedrich Brodnitz (1899-1995), head

Julius Brodnitz (1866-1936), chairman

Hans Reichman (1860-1964), head of Berlin office

Alfred Hirschber (1901-1971), editor of CV Zeitung

Cora Berliner* (1890-1942), Zentralausschuss, Reichsvertretung, Jüdischer Frauenbund, Reichsvereingung

Eva Reichman (née Jungman; 1897-1999), Emigration Department

Central British Fund for German Jewry (CBF), UK, established May 1933; also called Council for German Jewry

Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation, UK, 1943, originally Central Council for Jewish Refugees, established 1939

Central Bureau for Jewish Economic Relief (Zentralstelle für Jüdische Wirtschaftshilf), Berlin, Germany, established April 1933

Central Bureau for the Settlement of German Jews in Palestine of the Jewish Agnecy for Palestine, Palestine

Chaim Weizman, central bureau chairman

Sub-group: Rural and Suburban Settlement Company, Ltd. (RASSCO)

Central Bureau of Autonomous Orthodox Jewish Religious Congregations in Slovakia

Central Bureau of the Autonomous Orthodox Jewish Community of Hungary (Magyarországi Autonom Orthodox Izraelita Hitfekezet Köpzponti Irodaja-Maoih)

Central Commission of Jewish Relief Organizations (CCOJA; Commission Centrale des Organisations Juives d’Assistance), France, established October 30-31, 1940 in Marseilles

Chief Rabbi Isaïe Schwartz, founder

Joseph Schwartz (JDC)

Herbert Katzki (JDC)

Chief Rabbi René Hirschler^†, president

Donald A. Lowrie (Czech Aid, YMCA, head of the Nîmes Committee; non-Jew)

Central Committee for the Relief of Refugee Rabbis from Nazi Countries, Palestine

Central Committee for the Social Welfare of the Jews of Slovakia (Ústredny Vybor pre Soziálnú Starostlivost Zidov na Slovenku)

Central Committee of German Jews for Relief (Help) and Reconstruction (Zentral Ausschus der Deutschen Juden für Hilfe und Aufbau; ZAHA), Germany, April 1933-1938, became part of Reichsvertretung in 1935, merged with Reichsvereingung in 1938

Rabbi Leo Baeck (1873-1956), chairman

Ludwig Teitz, first executive secretary

George Lubinski-Lotan, cofounder

Salomon Adler-Rudel

Cora Beliner* (1890-1942), Emigration Department

Friedrich Borchard, executive secretary 1935-1936

Friedrich Brodnitz (1899-1995)

Paul Eppstein*

Max Kreuzberger, executive secretary 1934-1935

Werner Senator

Central Committee of the Union of Jewish Refugees

Central Conference of American Rabbis, Inc. (CCAR), New York, NY, established 1889, Committee on Refugee Rabbis later called Committee on Refugee Relief was founded in 1939

Rabbi Felix A. Levy, chairman

Central Consistory of French Jews (CC; Consistoire Central des Israélites de France), Paris/Marseilles, established 1808

Chief Rabbi Isaïe Schwartz

Léon Meiss, vice president

Robert Kief, secretary

Marcel Sachs, president of Paris Consistory

Legal Commission:

René Mayer, president

Lubetsky, lawyer

Seligman, member of State Council

William Oualid, professor

Paul David, president of Bar

Office of Studies:

Georges Halphen

Léon Algazi

Defense Committee, established 1940:

General André Boris, leader

René Mayer

Leon Meiss

Jacques Meyer

Professor David Olmer

Central Council for Jewish Refugees, UK, established 1939, in 1943 became Central British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation

Central Council of Hungarian Jews (Magyar Zsidók Központi Tanacsa), see Jewish Council, Hungary

Central Council of the Jewish Congregations of Finland, established 1933

Central Jewish Committee, Budapest, established January 1939

Central Jewish Committee, Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania

Central Jewish Committee of Mexico (Comité Central Israelita de México; CCIM), established 1939

Central Jewish Consistory (Consistoir Central Israélite; CCI), Antwerp, Belgium, established 1830, closed when Nazis established Association of the Jews of Belgium (AJB) in 1941

Itzko Kubowitzki (General Zionists)

Rabbi Joseph Weiner (seft September 1940)

Rabbi Solomon Ullman

Central Jewish Office for the Region of Slovakia (Zidovska Ustredna Uradnovna pre Slovensku Krajinu; ZÚÚ), established Novemer 1938

Dr. Wohlstein-Voldan

Central Jewish Relief Committee, Tunis, established June 1943

Paul Chez, chairman

Elie Gozlan, JDC representative, Algeria

Central Office for Jewish Economic Help (Zentralstelle für Jüdische Wirtschaftshilfe)

Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswanderung)

Central Office of the Jewish Loan Kassas in Germany (Zentralstelle für Jüdische Darlehskassen)

Central Organization of Rumanian Jewry, Rumania

Central Refugees Committee, Warsaw, Poland

Central Relief Committee (CRC), 1933-1934

Central Relief Committee for Jewish War-Victimes and Refugees, WJC affiliate, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Central Relief Committee for Polish Refugees, Romania

Central Relief for Refugee Rabbis in Tel Aviv, Ezrath Torah

Central School of Emigration, established January 1936, see Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland

Central Union of German Citizens of Jewish Faith (Centralverein deutscher Staatsürger Jüdischen Glaubens; CV), Germany

Central Welfare Agency of German Jews (Jewry; Zentralwohlfahrtstelle de Deutschen Juden), Germany, established 1917, closed 1933; agency of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC)

Central Welfare Council (RGO; Rada Glowna Opiekvncza), Krakow, Poland, established 1940 (General Government), active to 1945

Adam Roniker, first chairman

Konstanty Tchorznicki, second chairman, appointed October 1943

Centrala Evreilor Din Romania, see Jewish Center Romania

Centrala Opieka nad Siepotani (CENTOS), see Central Agency for Care of Orphans, Poland, established 1924; supported in part by JDS

Centralverein, see Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith, Central Association of the Jews in Germany

Centre de Recherches de Solutions au Problème Juif

Centre de Reclassment Professionel, France, 1939-1945

Centro Hebreu Brasileiro de Socorro dos Victimas de Guerra, Rio de Janiero, Brazil

Chelmno Death Camp, Poland

Jacob Grojanowski*, escaped from Chelmno death camp, produced Grojanowski Report with Oneg Shabbat historians in Warsaw Ghetto, February 1942

Chernovtsky Ghetto, Romania, Zionest Youth Rescuers

Chief Rabbi’s Religious Emergency Council (CRREC), England, established March 1938

Chief Rabbi Joseph Herman Hertz

Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld (1912-1982), founder, leader

Rabbi Joseph Hertz

Children’s Aid Rescue Society (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants de la Santé des Populations Juives; OSE), Paris, Montpellier, Marseilles, Lyon, Grenoble, Perigueux, Toulouse, Limoges, Nice, Chambrey, France, established in Russia in 1912, headquartered in Paris 1933-1939, moved to Montpellier in the South after German occupation in 1940; see also Christian Friendship (Amitié Chrétienne), France, and Garel Network, France

Head: Joseph Milner (Health Section, UJIF-S, Department 3)

Paris: Professor Bresedka (president, OSE Paris office, 1933), Dr. Eugene Minkowski (director, Paris office), Falk Walk , Hélène Matorine, Simone Kahn, Jeanine Levy, Celine Vallee, Madame Averbuch, Nathan Samuel

Montpellier: Dr. Joseph Weill, Andree Salomon, Vivette Samuel (Garel Network)

Geneva office:  Lazar Gourvic (secretary general of the Union OSE, founded OSE France in 1935), Boris Tschlenoff, Joseph Weill, Judith Hemmendiger-Feist, Olga Guric

Marseilles/South (OSE-SUD):  Julien Samuel (co-director, Marseilles office), Dr. Rene Zimmer (co-director, Marseilles office), Adrien Benveniste, Rene Borel (administration staff), Vivette Samuel, Nicole Salon-Weill, Huguette Wahl

Nice: Nicole Wiell

Lyons/East Central:  Charles Lederman, Elizabeth Hirsch, Madeleine Dreyfus, Fizer, Rene Borel, Victor Svarc (“Souvard”; leader)

Limoges/Central: Joseph Weill, Gaston Levy, Edith Scheftel (“Jacqueline Estager,” “Pauline Gauefroi”; leader)

Valence/Southeast: Robert Ebstein (“Evrard”; leader), Fanny Loinger (“Laugier”; leader)

Toulouse/Southwest: Solange Zitlenok (“Rémy”; leader)

Chambery: Alain Mossé

Izieu: Laila Feldblum

Hérault Prefecture: Sabina Zlatin, Miron Zlatin, Léon Reifman, Margot Cohen

UGIF-S, Department 3:  Joseph Milner (OSE representative to UGIF-S, Third Directorate), Georges Garel

Garel Network:  Georges Garel

Joseph Milner

Moussa Abadie (OSE)

Dr. Jean Cremer

Elizabeth Hirsch

Robert Job

Germaine Masour

Alain Mosse

Charlotte Rosenbaum

Odette Rosenstock

Andrée Salomon

Julien Samuel

Rivesaltes camp: Herta Field, Charles Lederer, Dr. Malkin (medical inspector of schools, physician), Andrée Salomon, Vivette Samuel-Hermann, Simon Weill (Reinette), Dora Wertzburg, Fanny Zimmer

Agde camp: Dr. Malkin (medical inspector)

Nimes camp: Dr. Joseph Weill (Commission on Hygiene and Aid to Children and the Elderly, OSE physician)

Gurs camp: Ruth Lambert

Les Milles: Julien Samuel, Vivette Samuel

Palavas, Les Flots: Sabine Zlatin*

Hotel du Levant: Andrée Salomon, Fanny Loinger

Hotel Bompart: Margot Stein

Le Masgelier Home:  Dr. Moise Blumenstock* (staff physician), Gertrude Blumenstock*

Brout-Vernet (Allier) Home:  Dr. Gluck*, Joseph KoganGertrude Blumenstock-Lévy*

Individuals (alphabetical list):

Moussa Abadie (Garel Network)

Madame Averbuch (Paris)

Adrien Benveniste (Marseilles)

Dr. René Bloch (Block) ^‡

Gertrude Blumenstock-Levy^‡

Dr. Moise Blumenstock^‡

Rene Borel (Lyon)

Professor Bresedka (Paris)

Dr. Simon Brutzkus

Eve Cahen^‡

André Chouraqui

Marianne Cohen^‡

Margot Cohen (Hérault Prefecture)

Dr. Jean Cremer

Madeleine Dreyfus (Lyon)

Pierre Dreyfus

Robert Ebstein (“Evrard”; Southeast/Valence)

Laila Feldblum (Izieu)

Fizer (Lyon)

Marcel Geismar^‡

Abbe Alexander Glassberg (Amitié Chrétienne)

Dr. Lazar Gorevich/Gurvic, (Secretary General, Geneva office)

Olga Gurvic (Geneva)

Emilie Guth

Judith Hemmendiger-Feist (Geneva)

Elizabeth Hirsch (Lyon)

Robert Job (Garel Network)

Simone Kahn (Paris)

Joseph Kogan

Ruth Lambert (Gurs camp)

Charles Lederman (Lyon)

Gaston Levy (Limoges)

Jeanine Levy (Paris)

Georges Loinger

Fanny Loinger (“Laugier”; Hotel du Levant; Southeast France/Valence)

Dr. Malkin (Rivesaltes camp; Agde camp)

Germaine Masour (Garel Network)

Hélène Matorine (Paris)

Joseph Milner (Head, OSE; Health Section, UJIF)

Dr. Eugene Minkowski (Paris)

Alain Mosse

Emmanuel Racine

Mila Racine^‡

Jacques Rather

Léon Reifman (Hérault Prefecture)

Charlotte Rosenbaum (Garel Network)

Odette Rosenstock (Garel Network)

Andrée Salomon (Rivesaltes camp; Hotel du Levant; Montpellier)

Jacques Salon

Julien Samuel (Les Milles camp; Marseilles)

Nathan Samuel (Paris)

Vivette Samuel-Hermann (Rivesaltes camp; Les Milles camp; Lyon)

Edith Scheftel (Central France/Limoges)

Joachim Simon (”Schuschu”)

Margot Stein (Hotel Bompart)

Victor Svarc (“Souvard”; East Central France/Lyon)

Dr. Boris Tschlenoff (Geneva)

Celine Vallee (Paris)

Huguette Wahl (Marseilles)

Falk Walk (Paris)

Dr. Joseph Weill (Nîmes camp; Limoges; Geneva)

Nicole Salon-Weill^‡ (Marseilles)

Simon Weill (Reinette; Rivesaltes camp)

Dora Wertzburg

Dr. Rene Zimmer (Marseilles)

Solange Zitlenok (“Rémy”; Southwest France/Toulouse)

Sabine Zlatin^‡ (Hérault Prefecture)

Miron Zlatin (Hérault Prefecture)

Children’s Aid Rescue Society (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants de la Santé des Populations Juives; OSE), Geneva, Switzerland, see also Christian Friendship (Amitié Chrétienne), France

Dr. Boris Tschlenoff, director

Dr. Joseph Weill

Judith Hemmendiger-Feist

Olga Gurvic

Lazare Gurvic

Hélène Block

Jacques Block

Children’s Aid Rescue Society (OSE), USA; American National Committee, OSE

Dr. J. J. Golub (JDC), head 1933-1937

Dr. A. J. Rongy (JDC), head

Albert Einstein, honorary chair

Children’s Inter-Aid Committee, Great Britain, merged with Movement for the Care of Children from Germany to become Refugee Children’s Movement (RCM) in March 1939

Chmielnik Ghetto Jewish Council

Shmuel Zalcman⁺*, chairman (second)

Chortkov Ghetto Partisans, escaped spring 1943

Reuven Rosenberg, leader

Meir Wasserman

Christian Friendship (Amitié Chrétienne), France, see Religious Organizations

Chug Chalutzi (Zionist Circle), Berlin, Germany, established March 1943, worked with Kaufman Group, forty members

Jizchak Schwersenz (b. 1915), founder

Edith “Ewo” Wolf (b. 1904)

Eva-Chava Fleischman

Karla Wegenberg

Heinz Linke

Citron Group, Bratislava, Slovakia

Yehoshua Citron (Halevi), founder

Clandestine Service for the Placement of Children of WIZO (Service Clandestine de Placement de Enfants de la WIZO), part of UIF, France

Clothes Collecting Company (Ruhagyüjtö Munkássizázad), Section T, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Dr. György Wilhelm, leader

István Békeffi

István Komlós

István Rádi

Adorján Stella

La Colonie Scolaire (LCS), the educational summer camp umbrella for Comite de la Rue Amelot, France

Comisia Autonoma de Ajutorare, see Autonomous Aid Committee, Bucharest, Romania

Comitato Assistenza Ebrei in Italia (COMASEBIT), see Italian Jewish Aid Committee

Comitato Italia-Palestina (CIP), see Italian Palestine Committee

Comite Central Israelita (Central Jewish Committee), Uruguay, established 1940 

Comite Central Israelita de Mexico (Central Jewish Committee), Mexico City, established 1938

Comité de Action, see Action Committee, France

Comité de’Aide et d’Assistance aux Victimes de l’Antisémitisme en Allegagne (Committee for Relief and Constructive Aid to the Victims of Antisemitism in Germany), Belgium, established 1933-1938

Comité d’Assistance aux Refugees (CAR), Paris/Marseilles, see Committee for Assistance of Refugees

Comité d’Assistance aux Réfugiés Tcheques, see Committee for Aid of Czech Refugees, Marseilles

Comité d’Assistance aux Refugees Juifs, Antwerp and Brussels, Belgium

Devid Feldman

Professor Allard

Mrs. Allard

Professor Charles (Chaim) Perelman

Mrs. Charles Perelman

Comité de Bienfaisance Israelite de Paris, see Jewish Welfare Committee of Paris, France, established 1855

Comite de Communidad Israelita de Lisboa

Comité de Coordination des Oeuvres de Bienfaisance Isráelites á Paris, see Coordinating Committee for Jewish Charities in Paris, France, established early 1930s

Comité de Défense des Juifs Persécutes en Allemagne (CDJ), France, see Committee for Persecuted Jews in Germany, established December 1933

Comité de Défense des Juifs en Belgique (CDJ), see Jewish Defense Committee, Belgium

Comite de Emergencia de los Judios de Habla Hungara, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Comite d’Entente USA, proposed 1937

Comité de la Rue Amelot, see La Amelot, France

Comité de Nimes, see Nimes Committee (Camps Committee)

Comité de Soccoro para Gurs, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Bruno Weil

Comité des Delegations, France

Comité des Delegations Juives (CDJ; Committee of Jewish Delegations, see World Jewish Congress; WJC), Switzerland, established 1919; CDJ became founders of the WJC in 1936, CDJ then ceased operating

Comité des Sauvetage des Juifs, Lyons, France

Comité Général de Défense Juive (CGD), see General Committee for Jewish Defense, France, established 1943

Comité Israelita pro Refugiados, Caracas, Venezuela, established 1939

Fortunado Benacerraf, president, 1939 – December 1943

Isack Kohn, president, December 1943

Walter Salomon, secretary

Comite National de Secours aux Refugies Allemands, Paris, France, 1933-1936

Comité pour le Developpement de la Grand Colonization Juive

Comité Unifé de Defense Juif (CUD), see The United Committee for Jewish Defense, France

Comité d’Union et des Defense des Juifs, see United Defense Committee of Jews

Comite voor Bijzondere Joodsche Belangen, see Committee for Special Jewish Affairs

Commisao Portuguesa de Assistancia aos Judeous Refugiados, see Portuguese Commission for the Assistance of Jewish Refugees, Lisbon, Portugal

Commission Centrale de Organizations Juives d’Assistance (CCOJA), see Central Commission of Jewish Relief Organizations, France

Commission Intermouvement Auprés des Évacues, see Intermovement Commission for the Evacuees, France

Committee for Aid of Czech Refugees (Comité d’Assistance aux Réfugiés Tcheques), Marseilles

Donald Lowrie

Helen Lowrie

Consul Vladimir Vochoc

Committee for Alleviating the Distress of our Comrades in the Diaspora (Histadrut), Tel Aviv, Palestine

Melech Neustadt, chairman

Committee for an Army of Stateless and Palestinian Jews (CJA), USA, established 1939; part of Irgun Zvi Leumi, see also Bergson Group

Senator Edwin Johnson, Colorado (non-Jew)

Peter Bergson (Hillel Kook), leader

Ben Hecht

Committee for Assistance of Refugees from Germany (Comité d’Assistance aux Réfugiés de Allemagne; CAR), Paris, Marsailles, 1939-1943(?), originally established as Comité National de Secours in 1933

Albert Levy

Raymond Raul Lambert

Gaston Kahn

Committee for German Jewish Refugees, Sao Paolo, Brazil

Committee for the Protection of Jews in Belgium (CDJ; Comité de Défense des Juifs; Committee for the Defense of Jews), Belgium, established September 1942-1944, part of Independence Front (Front d’Indepéndance), saved 4,000 children and 10,000 adults

Joseph (Ghert) Jospa, founder, leader

Yvonne Jospa

Jacob Gutfreund, commander

Maurice Heiber

Eugene Hellendael (AJB)

Benjaman Nykerk (General Zionists)

Charles (Chaim) Perelman (Revisionist party)

Maurice Edouard Rothkehl (General Zionists)

Abusz Werber (Polalei Zion, Belgian National Council)

Professor and Mrs. Allard

David Fetterman

Alexander Livshitz

George Livshitz (Group G)

Rakower, leader

Weichman, leader

Committee for Jewish Defense (CDJ; Comité de Défense des Juifs), France, established August 1943

Leo Glaser, founder

Committee for Jewish Welfare (Comité de Bienfaisance Israélite), France

Committee for Needy Jews in Poland, Zurich

Commission for Polish Relief

Committee for Refugee Affairs, Bucharest, Romania

Committee for Relief and Constructive Aid to the Victims of Antisemitism in Germany (Comité d’Aide et d’Assistance aux victims de l’Antisémitism en Allemagne), Belgium, 1933-1938

Committee for Special Jewish Affairs (see Comite voor Bijzondere Joodsche Belangen), Holland, established March 1933

Abraham Asscher, organizer, co-president

David Cohen, organizer, co-president

Committee for the Aid of Jewish Refugees from Northern Transylvania (Comitetul de asistentá a refugiatilor evrei din Ardealut de Nord)

Ernö (Ernest) Marton

Martin Hirsch

J. Schmetterer

Leon Goldenberg

Paul Benedek

D. Lampel

Committee for the Aid of European Jewry, Stockholm

Committee for the Assistance of European Refugees in Shanghai (CFA; formerly the Relief Committee for German Jews), established 1939

Michael Spellman

Ellis Hayim

Horace Kadoorie

Committee for the Coordination of Jewish Welfare Agencies of Greater Paris (Comité de Coordination des Oeuvres de Bienfaisance Israelites du Grand Paris)

Committee for the Defense of Jews (Comité de Defense des Juifs; CDJ), France, established 1943

Leo Glaser, founder

Committee for the Defense of Persecuted Jews in Germany (Comité de Défense des Juifs Persécutés en Allemagne, France, established December 1933

Committee for the Defense of the Rights of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe and Union for the Protection of the Human Person, Paris, France, established 1933, expanded 1938

Boris Gourevitch, director

Committee for the Jews of Occupied Europe, see Joint Rescue Committee

Committee for the Promotion of Jewish Pioneering and Colonization in Madagascar and Kenya (Komitet far di Promotsye oif Yidishe Halutsishe Kolonizastye in Madagaskar un Kenya), Poland, established December 1938

Committee for the Protection of Jews in Belgium (Comité de Defense des Juifs in Belgique; CDJ, later CNDJ), Brussels, Belgium

Committee for the Relief of German Emigrants (Hilfskomite fuer Deutsche Emigranten)

Committee for the Relief of Refugee Rabbis from Russia, Palestine

Committee for the Settlement of Jews on the Land (COMZET), USSR

Committee of Aid for Refugees from Germany, see Jewish Aid Committee, Czechoslovakia

Committee of Bratislava

Mikulas (Miklos) Sternfeld worked with the Committee of Bratislava.

Committee of Five (Committee for the Jews of Eruope), see Jewish Agency for Palestine

Committee of Four, see Joint Rescue Committee, Jewish Agency for Palestine

Committee of Six, see Working Group (Pracovna Skupina)

Committee on Children, composed of AFSC, Secours, Suisse, OSE, operated in France

Committee on Lithuania-Polish Yeshivoth, Lithuania

Committee on Refugee Aid in Central and South America, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), New York, NY, 1939-1944, changed name to Latin American Committee in 1944

Alfred Jaretski, Jr., chairman

Isaac Levy, chairman

Robert Pilpel, secretary

Harry Biele, secretary

Committee Representing the Jews of France (Comité Representif des Israelites de France), established in Lyon, 1943

Committee to Aid German Refugees (Comité d’Assistance aux Réfugiés d’Allemagne)

Communal Organizatoin of the Jews of Hungary (Magyarországi Zsidók Közösségi Szervezete ; Mazsiosz)

Community for Peace and Construction, Berlin, Germany, active from Fall 1943, see also Large Deposit

Hans Winkler (1906-1987), founder (non-Jew)

Werner Scharff* (1912-1945), leader, founder, founder of Grosser Einsatz (Large Deposit)

Günther Samuel* (1903-1944), leader, founder, founder of Grosser Einsatz (Large Deposit)

Edith Hirschfeld (b. 1903)

Lotto Söhnker

Conference on Jewish Social Studies, Inc., New York, NY, established 1933, incorporated as Conference on Jewish Relations in 1936, publication: Jewish Social Studies

Salo W. Baron

Morris R. Cohen

Koppel S. Pinson

Oscar I. Janowsky

Melvin M. Fagen